这里是英文原版:
+ E3 U/ `1 x4 y6 f$ b! zWhy Washington Plays ‘Tibet Roulette’ with China
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by F. William Engdahl, 5 April 2008
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Washington has obviously decided on an ultra-high risk geopolitical game with Beijing’s
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by fanning the flames of violence in Tibet just at this sensitive time in their relations and
; k$ ^7 h6 G6 H5 d$ yon the run-up to the Beijing Olympics. It’s part of an escalating strategy of destabilization
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of China which has been initiated by the Bush Administration over the past months, and
4 K' ~( U1 f% v2 v) Swhich includes the attempt to ignite an anti-China Saffron Revolution in the neighboring
; Z" e8 \2 a7 j8 h- F& U, V& BMyanmar region, bringing US-led NATO troops into Darfur where China’s oil companies
1 q5 d* r: T$ C- P7 Aare developing potentially huge oil reserves. It includes counter moves across minerals
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rich Africa. And it includes strenuous efforts to turn India into a major new US forward
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base on the Asian sub-continent to be deployed against China.
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The current Tibet operation got the green light in October last year when George Bush
' o# s F* Q* a" Iagreed to meet the Dalai Lama for the first time publicly in Washington. The President of
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the United States is not unaware of the high stakes of such an insult to Beijing. Bush
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deepened the affront to America’s largest trading partner, China, by agreeing to attend as
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the US Congress awarded the Dalai Lama the Congressional Gold Medal.
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. ?8 O: ]4 o3 F' c/ V: ^8 BThe immediate expressions of support for the monks of Tibet from George Bush, Condi
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Rice, France’s Nicolas Sarkozy and Germany’s Angela Merkel most recently took on
6 z5 a$ D& g7 a% W6 {9 T4 ]dimensions of the absurd. Ms Merkel announced she would boycott attending the August
" B! r7 D' S$ n( K7 dBeijing Summer Olympics as her protest at the Beijing treatment of the Tibetan monks.
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What her press secretary omitted is that she had not even planned to go in the first place.
! B( d9 D# L5 |' W; D2 G" X+ _She was followed by an announcement that Poland’s Prime Minister, the pro-Washington
: r; J; [2 X: s, M+ h- q y9 wDonald Tusk, would also stay away, along with pro-US Czech President Vaclav Klaus. It is
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unclear whether they also hadn’t planned to go in the first place but it made for dramatic
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press headlines.
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The recent wave of violent protests and documented attacks by Tibetan monks against
8 W9 e2 B% s; B" b: y) wHan Chinese residents began on March 10 when several hundred monks marched on
L1 I2 K! Q$ e/ g0 |1 QLhasa to demand release of other monks allegedly detained for celebrating the award of
, E0 f6 f, L1 m+ E! g5 C2 d3 kthe US Congress’ Gold Medal last October. The monks were joined by other monks marching
% t% C( f8 x% ?to protest Beijing rule on the 49th anniversary of the Tibetan uprising against
9 F" I3 r5 L& w- Q7 rChinese rule.
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0 E6 ]2 c3 Y, N1 S; pThe geopolitical game
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As the Chinese government itself was clear to point out, the sudden eruption of anti-
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Chinese violence in Tibet, a new phase in the movement led by the exiled Dalai Lama,
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was suspiciously timed to put the spotlight on Beijing’s human rights record on the eve of
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the coming Olympics. The Beijing Olympics are an event seen in China as a major acknowledgement
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of the arrival of a new prosperous China on the world stage.
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& V- Y1 z4 ?- nThe background actors in the Tibet actions confirm that Washington has been working
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overtime in recent months to prepare another of its infamous Color Revolutions, these
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fanning public protests designed to inflict maximum embarrassment on Beijing. The
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1 Ex-Nazi, Dalai's tutor Harrer dies at 93, The Times of India, 9 Jan 2006, in
# b$ o+ R% `4 b3 B- n7 chttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1363946,prtpage-1.cms.
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2 Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity,
, x! R# d) s+ ]7 V, G* `New York University Press, 2001, p. 177.
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3 Goldner, Colin, Mönchischer Terror auf dem Dach der Welt Teil 1: Die Begeisterung für den Dalai
# R8 l6 k0 f0 W/ i& KLama und den tibetischen Buddhismus, March 26, 2008, excerpted from the book Dalai Lama: Fall
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eines Gottkönigs, Alibri Verlag,, new edition to appear April 2008, reproduced in
3 m/ d6 J9 T: b) p9 ?1 r1 |http://www.jungewelt.de/2008/03-27/006.php.
8 w9 Z3 ?+ f& E4 D. H6 H' iactors on the ground in and outside Tibet are the usual suspects, tied to the US State
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Department, including the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), the CIA’s Freedom
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House through its chairman, Bette Bao Lord and her role in the International Committee
) R) l4 G$ D% Ofor Tibet, as well as the Trace Foundation financed by the wealth of George Soros through
7 q; b& o: d5 x2 ]' }7 Shis daughter, Andrea Soros Colombel.
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Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao has accused the Dalai Lama of orchestrating the latest
) ]1 ~- M% Z4 iunrest to sabotage the Olympic Games “in order to achieve their unspeakable goal”, Tibetan
5 r% }: {/ z. f/ f7 U6 Z& r9 m4 I% Nindependence.
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, H% k8 Q" z: G: N1 ]Bush telephoned his Chinese counterpart, President Hu Jintao, to pressure for talks between
7 I+ b7 B, E6 dBeijing and the exiled Dalai Lama. The White House said that Bush, “raised his concerns
6 X: M- T% t- h% \about the situation in Tibet and encouraged the Chinese government to engage in
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substantive dialogue with the Dalai Lama’s representatives and to allow access for journalists
1 D# C. J% s! g- m1 O9 \and diplomats.”
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( c$ f& i6 W4 Y6 ^! P0 {President Hu reportedly told Bush the Dalai Lama must “stop his sabotage” of the Olympics
5 M2 {3 O, `9 ` i+ X1 O9 abefore Beijing takes a decision on talks with the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader,
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foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang said.
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Dalai Lama’s odd friends
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In the West the image of the Dalai Lama has been so promoted that in many circles he is
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deemed almost a God. While the spiritual life of the Dalai Lama is not our focus, it is relevant
, W* Q$ {( a/ B" y. }to note briefly the circles he has chosen to travel in most of his life.
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The Dalai Lama travels in what can only be called rather conservative political circles.
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What is generally forgotten today is that during the 1930’s the Nazis including Gestapo
5 {9 C. B8 O0 p* achief Heinrich Himmler and other top Nazi Party leaders regarded Tibet as the holy site of
2 ~ [ ^6 b7 b2 l6 hthe survivors of the lost Atlantis, and the origin of the “Nordic pure race.”
. E. z( L* ]+ S" [5 R+ h4 fWhen he was 11 and already designated Dalai Lama, he was befriended by a Nazi and
6 \8 ?& ^& o" ?$ s* r3 {5 oofficer of Heinrich Himmler’s feared SS, Heinrich Harrer. Far from the image of the popular
/ h3 z" U& Y3 o: \Hollywood film with Brad Pitt, Harrer was an elite SS member at the time he met the
& P; K+ A: U; Q11 year old Dalai Lama and became his tutor in “the world outside Tibet.” While only the
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Dalai Lama knows the contents of Harrer’s private lessons, the two remained friends until
' f9 m8 Y* [0 n, k9 ]- s1 Y; nHarrer died a ripe 93 in 2006.1
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That sole friendship, of course, does not define a person’s character, but it is interesting
0 W& E$ ] n7 i4 `2 g# Ein the context of later friends. In April 1999, along with Margaret Thatcher, and former
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Beijing Ambassador, CIA Director and President, George H.W. Bush, the Dalai Lama
8 o, K2 J; t4 w) A, B! v: W" A7 edemanded the British government release Augusto Pinochet, the former fascist dictator of
* e. ] P x* h" `Chile and a longtime CIA client who was visiting England. The Dalai Lama urged that
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Pinochet not be forced to go to Spain where he was wanted to stand trial for crimes
4 a9 j0 {1 _7 {% ~4 w" b, H Bagainst humanity. The Dalai Lama had close ties to Miguel Serrano2, head of Chile’s National
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Socialist Party, a proponent of something called esoteric Hitlerism. 3
/ x2 P; s3 i! h0 Y/ D% oLeaving aside at this point the claim of the Dalai Lama to divinity, what is indisputable is
; o( z# U+ X1 E0 Lthat he has been surrounded and financed in significant part, since his flight into Indian
* ^. S8 S( i5 i5 Z4 Z$ y4 Parenti, Michael, Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth, June 2007, in
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www.michaelparenti.org/Tibet.html.
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5 Mann, Jim, CIA funded covert Tibet exile campaign in 1960s, The Age (Australia), Sept. 16, 1998.
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6 Ignatius, D., Innocence Abroad: The New World of Spyless Coups, The Washington Post, 22
; `) [% v2 g8 sSeptember 1991.
$ F* ]6 e1 \5 _4 M6 q2 a7 Blum, William, The NED and ‘Project Democracy,’ January 2000, in
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www.friendsoftibet.org/databank/usdefence/usd5.html
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exile in 1959, by various US and Western intelligence services and their gaggle of NGOs.
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It is the agenda of the Washington friends of the Dalai Lama that is relevant here.
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The NED at work again…
+ d6 l# \9 E) e6 Q/ T" m% y8 g0 MAs author Michael Parenti notes in his work, Friendly Feudalism: The Tibet Myth, “during
1 Q$ G" ^0 z3 @: n% vthe 1950s and 60s, the CIA actively backed the Tibetan cause with arms, military training,
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money, air support and all sorts of other help.” The US-based American Society for
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a Free Asia, a CIA front, publicized the cause of Tibetan resistance, with the Dalai Lama’s
6 q+ {, u* G0 `9 s; r$ M3 oeldest brother, Thubtan Norbu, playing an active role in the group. The Dalai Lama’s
- ^: m6 G1 F, d" z* g9 zsecond-eldest brother, Gyalo Thondup, established an intelligence operation with the CIA
. w. r i* B1 i" Hin 1951. It was later upgraded into a CIA-trained guerrilla unit whose recruits parachuted
) J1 T- R0 n' Y! B& n9 R2 Y `back into Tibet, according to Parenti.4
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According to declassified US intelligence documents released in the late 1990s, “for much
, b5 Y. H4 O8 y/ xof the 1960s, the CIA provided the Tibetan exile movement with $1.7 million a year for
* D& m- E7 d4 k3 soperations against China, including an annual subsidy of $180,000 for the Dalai Lama.” 5
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With help of the CIA, the Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala, India where he lives to the present.
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He continues to receive millions of dollars in backing today, not from the CIA but
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from a more innocuous-sounding CIA front organization, funded by the US Congress, the
9 D/ Y1 G2 n5 _2 O/ ~" g- |6 ?* MNational Endowment for Democracy (NED). The NED has been instrumental in every USbacked
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Color Revolution destabilization from Serbia to Georgia to Ukraine to Myanmar.
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Its funds go to back opposition media and global public relations campaigns to popularize
/ X! t: `. ?9 a5 Btheir pet opposition candidates.
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As in the other recent Color Revolutions, the US Government is fanning the flames of
7 f+ }* J# g) J) A/ Ndestabilization against China by funding opposition protest organizations inside and outside
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Tibet through its arm, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).
0 ~0 {" ~+ u# k! BThe NED was founded by the Reagan Administration in the early 1980’s, on the recommendation
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of Bill Casey, Reagan’s Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), following
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a series of high-publicity exposures of CIA destabilizations, assassinations and destabilizations
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of unfriendly regimes. The NED was designed to pose as an independent
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NGO, one step removed from the CIA and Government agencies so as to be less conspicuous,
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presumably. The first acting President of the NED, Allen Weinstein, commented to
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the Washington Post that, “A lot of what we [the NED] do today was done covertly 25
9 u$ T5 H# F0 s& X. n8 eyears ago by the CIA.” 6
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: h( D1 F) u8 m, W0 oAmerican intelligence historian, William Blum states, “The NED played an important role
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in the Iran-Contra affair of the 1980s, funding key components of Oliver North's shadowy
2 n. h/ A3 H v0 ^"Project Democracy." This network privatized US foreign policy, waged war, ran arms and
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drugs, and engaged in other equally charming activities. In 1987, a White House spokesman
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stated that those at NED "run Project Democracy." 7
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The most prominent pro-Dalai Lama Tibet independence organization today is the International
/ `0 x2 V7 q: x: ECampaign for Tibet, founded in Washington in 1988. Since at least 1994 the ICT
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has been receiving funds from the NED. The ICT awarded their annual Light of Truth
) }; b- \* \& }/ E/ qaward in 2005 to Carl Gershman, founded of the NED. Other ICT award winners have
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included the German Friedrich Naumann Foundation and Czech leader, Vaclav Havel. The
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8 Barker, Michael, ’Democratic Imperialism’: Tibet, China and the National Endowment for
( k" ~8 m% u! T; e& N" nDemocracy, Global Research, August 13, 2007,
www.globalresearch.ca.
" k2 \7 y/ ^/ E: p3 d. D2 F( U9 McGehee, Ralph, Ralph McGehee’ s Archive on JFK Place, CIA Operations in China Part III, May 2,
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1996, in
www.acorn.net/jfkplace/03/RM/RM.china-for.' Q; \; N. ]% {* J& O
10 US Tibet Committee, Fifteen things you should know about Tibet and China, in
( }; L1 J0 Y/ ~2 S4 I+ Y K, ~. R7 dhttp://ustibetcommittee.org/facts/facts.html.
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ICT Board of Directors is peopled with former US State Department officials including
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Gare Smith and Julia Taft. 8
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Another especially active anti-Beijing organization is the US-based Students for a Free
; _) t) {' z4 STibet, founded in 1994 in New York City as a project of US Tibet Committee and the NEDfinanced
. c" F# X4 `) r* u! C* U' u1 y! e5 IInternational Campaign for Tibet (ICT). The SFT is most known for unfurling a
& B, |& N0 C! n& X450 foot banner atop the Great Wall in China; calling for a free Tibet, and accusing Beijing
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of wholly unsubstantiated claims of genocide against Tibet. It makes good drama to
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rally naïve students.
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6 O' s$ B1 C8 {" p( g2 j9 SThe SFT was among five organizations which this past January that proclaimed start of a
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"Tibetan people's uprising" on Jan 4 this year and co-founded a temporary office in
; o$ }; ?9 J* j" ncharge of coordination and financing.
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Harry Wu is another prominent Dalai Lama supporter against Beijing. He became notorious
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for claiming falsely in a 1996 Playboy interview that he had “videotaped a prisoner
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whose kidneys were surgically removed while he was alive, and then the prisoner was
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taken out and shot. The tape was broadcast by BBC." The BBC film showed nothing of
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the sort, but the damage was done. How many people check old BBC archives? Wu, a
) P2 B9 n1 a! {, Y3 mretired Berkeley professor who left China after imprisonment as a dissident, is head of
2 l& B+ C3 f& P! V2 N8 Y8 a: d( O+ jthe Laogai Research Foundation, a tax-exempt organization whose main funding is from
3 m$ K4 g0 [$ `! n. Cthe NED.9
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1 W3 [5 {" k5 G' B( GAmong related projects, the US Government-financed NED also supports the Tibet Times
0 W% x# l) `2 B6 \; Tnewspaper, run out of the Dalai Lama’s exile base at Dharamsala, India. The NED also
3 @; W6 {( [! E) E) Rfunds the Tibet Multimedia Center for “information dissemination that addresses the
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struggle for human rights and democracy in Tibet,” also based in Dharamsala. And NED
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finances the Tibetan Center for Human Rights and Democracy.
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In short, US State Department and US intelligence community finger prints are all over
|9 E& w$ N, \ R6 Wthe upsurge around the Free Tibet movement and the anti-Han Chinese attacks of March.
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The question to be asked is why, and especially why now?
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Tibet’s raw minerals treasure
1 R8 _! @$ }4 q; j/ hTibet is of strategic import to China not only for its geographical location astride the border
b# w7 {, H/ v; A0 Uwith India, Washington’s newest anti-China ally in Asia. Tibet is also a treasure of
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minerals and also oil. Tibet contains some of the world's largest uranium and borax deposits,
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one half of the world's lithium, the largest copper deposits in Asia, enormous iron
Y. b+ n6 ~3 x# v4 |9 O. Hdeposits, and over 80,000 gold mines. Tibet's forests are the largest timber reserve at
8 J1 L& h3 D9 t3 U4 V, a2 iChina's disposal; as of 1980, an estimated $54 billion worth of trees had been felled and
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taken by China (and still today a Tibetan can be arrested for taking one tree) Tibet also
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contains some of the largest oil reserves in the region.10
, m$ T( F0 b1 L11 Goldner, Colin, Mönchischer Terror auf dem Dach der Welt Teil 2: Krawalle im Vorfeld der
4 O! ]& W" i$ dOlympischen Spiele, op cit.
- ~- ^! M" G7 N7 g) B12 Mowat, Jonathan, The new Gladio in action?, Online Journal, Mar 19, 2005, in
6 d! e7 u1 U" Y; }# {; \http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/printer_308.shtml.
- Y# `: F' J+ k. w0 ?' }13 Ibid.
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/ i9 y. `1 u% X' w' pOn the Tibet Autonomous Region’s border along the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
, J' g6 q3 b2 g& His also a vast oil and mineral region in the Qaidam Basin, known as a "treasure basin."
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The Basin has 57 different types of mineral resources with proven reserves including
: a2 `9 `5 o7 |" ]petroleum, natural gas, coal, crude salt, potassium, magnesium, lead, zinc and gold.
- w1 G5 \0 U n* h% N" _These mineral resources have a potential economic value of 15 trillion yuan or US$1.8
4 m. E0 g4 p ]: ^1 _" e" I3 p% etrillion. Proven reserves of potassium, lithium and crude salt in the basin are the biggest
0 o$ H5 A, s4 ]- s% d9 [in China.
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2 H! p9 c9 A6 C D, t8 Z# {5 p N# XAnd situated as it is, on the “roof of the world,” Tibet is perhaps the world’s most
/ y: w6 u/ n# J0 Hvaluable water source. Tibet is the source of seven of Asia's greatest rivers which provide
, X, @1 m' l8 Z* ]$ @# `& Qwater for 2 billion people.” He who controls Tibet’s water has a mighty powerful geopolitical
9 A1 {! `- u$ D& ]
lever over all Asia.
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But the prime interest of Tibet for Washington today is its potential to act as a lever to
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destabilize and blackmail the Beijing Government.
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/ W$ g$ r* m" U0 L: S6 \Washington’s ‘nonviolence as a form of warfare’
) |$ u2 M$ o q( S1 Q. M- dThe events in Tibet since March 10 have been played in Western media with little regard
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to accuracy or independent cross-checking. Most of the pictures blown up in European
1 D; e4 {. M7 ~- i3 F C7 R% g: `! @and US newspapers and TV have not even been of Chinese military oppression of Tibetan
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lamas or monks. They have been shown to be in most cases either Reuters or AFP pictures
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of Han Chinese being beaten by Tibetan monks in paramilitary organizations. In
% f! c. ], s' }2 `some instances German TV stations ran video pictures of beatings that were not even
1 x/ _/ @+ g- G! P2 p) ffrom Tibet but rather by Nepalese police in Kathmandu. 11
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The western media complicity simply further underlies that the actions around Tibet are
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part of a well-orchestrated destabilization effort on the part of Washington. What few
$ {" b5 R* X: \5 _' w6 Jpeople realize is that the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) was also instrumental,
: y$ U! m8 e* D! E, i+ I6 Ealong with Gene Sharp’s misnamed Albert Einstein Institution through Colonel
- @4 W+ n+ }+ P4 @/ I$ M1 d' SRobert Helvey, in encouraging the student protests at Tiananmen Square in June 1989.
# B: ~- H) ]. C+ s- H/ |The Albert Einstein Institution, as it describes itself, specializes in "nonviolence as a form
5 H2 e4 j6 s4 m3 t+ O9 u$ {& y. _
of warfare." 12
. t( ^/ t" m7 s! }# v: N; h$ i. C; ]$ B) c% r' f
Colonel Helvey was formerly with the Defense Intelligence Agency stationed in Myanmar.
! R/ _: _8 P/ t0 `6 bHelvey trained in Hong Kong the student leaders from Beijing in mass demonstration
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techniques which they were to use in the Tiananmen Square incident of June 1989. He is
& \4 j U: u. }2 @, b$ b: e
now believed acting as an adviser to the Falun Gong in similar civil disobedience techniques.
" K6 S6 Q0 J6 I e, U" OHelvey nominally retired from the army in 1991, but had been working with Albert
8 U( o( q; k, E+ b. l, `3 oEinstein and George Soros long before then. In its annual report for 2004 Helvey’s Albert
+ @, D: A+ x- s; U* _5 _Einstein Institution admitted to advising people in Tibet. 13
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With the emergence of the Internet and mobile telephone use, the US Pentagon has refined
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an entirely new form of regime change and political destabilization. As one researcher
2 M. d T+ t' d' ~$ P( Y1 f! Eof the phenomenon behind the wave of color revolutions, Jonathan Mowat, describes
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it,
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14 Ibid.
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“…What we are seeing is civilian application of Secretary Donald Rumsfeld's "Revolution
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in Military Affairs" doctrine, which depends on highly mobile small group deployments
8 C( T2 y$ {5 i- n% t"enabled" by "real time" intelligence and communications. Squads of soldiers taking over
2 ?/ e/ U7 y9 E4 t8 ycity blocks with the aid of "intelligence helmet" video screens that give them an instantaneous
1 Z1 l7 b% B) N5 A$ v" y3 E9 a5 R$ g+ n ooverview of their environment, constitute the military side. Bands of youth converging
" M: \3 U! y( K8 x' _" t; _on targeted intersections in constant dialogue on cell phones constitute the doctrine's
& |& |! g: l; X! D# m! E9 scivilian application.
1 y+ I4 k% r7 j U3 U5 z; A- v/ c
+ Q- h& A* u! y0 | p4 L; W“This parallel should not be surprising since the US military and National Security Agency
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subsidized the development of the Internet, cellular phones, and software platforms.
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From their inception, these technologies were studied and experimented with in order to
, ?/ h& v/ F* M: L+ X+ ?find the optimal use in a new kind of warfare. The "revolution" in warfare that such new
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instruments permit has been pushed to the extreme by several specialists in psychological
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warfare. Although these military utopians have been working in high places, (for
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example the RAND Corporation, for a very long time, to a large extent they only took
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over some of the most important command structures of the US military apparatus with
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the victory of the neoconservatives in the Pentagon of Donald Rumsfeld.14
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: ~+ u* S9 k o$ ~, m: h6 c
Washington policy has used and refined these techniques of “revolutionary nonviolence,”
: L, h) `! s t
and NED operations embodied a series of ‘democratic’ or soft coup projects as part of a
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larger strategy which would strategically cut China off from access to its vital external oil
, M/ T3 X6 o) ~1 c" band gas reserves.
. W- \ G, i% [& B: l j# K
, s/ k( s& C0 {1 q9 gThe 1970’s quote attributed to then-Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a proponent of
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British geopolitics in an American context comes to mind: “If you control the oil you control
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entire nations…”
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The destabilization attempt by Washington using Tibet, no doubt with quiet “help” from
3 K9 e/ c; V Q4 [( z: B; Y7 G' _its friends in British and other pro-NATO intelligence services, is part of a clear pattern. It
, X& o1 _. D# J+ j! sincludes Washington’s “Saffron revolution” attempts to destabilize Myanmar. It includes
1 I* i, b k: }0 }$ F' n' Cthe ongoing effort to get NATO troops into Darfur to block China’s access to strategically
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vital oil resources there and elsewhere in Africa. It includes attempts to foment problems
+ U- |* j3 I( ]% t' iin Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan and to disrupt China’s vital new energy pipeline projects to
2 J2 }, A3 a4 LKazakhstan. The earlier Asian Great Silk Road trade routes went through Tashkent in
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Uzbekistan and Almaty in Kazakhstan for geographically obvious reasons, in a region surrounded
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by major mountain ranges. Geopolitical control of Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan,
9 J1 X0 ]9 y/ d* rKazakhstan would enable control of any potential pipeline routes between China and
" }( x; z2 G& j" f+ TCentral Asia just as the encirclement of Russia controls pipeline and other ties between it
9 Z; p1 I* ^; H, g) jand western Europe, China, India and the Middle East, where China depends on uninterrupted
) `6 F9 s; h6 z. B' G& l9 ], Y+ Doil flows from Iran, Saudi Arabia and other OPEC countries.
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# z' S0 G2 E; C: A7 i% P
Behind the strategy to encircle China
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In this context, a revealing New York Council on Foreign Relations analysis in their
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Foreign Affairs magazine from Zbigniew Brzezinski from September/October 1997 is
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worth quoting. Brzezinski, a protégé of David Rockefeller and a follower of the founder of
" x, {1 b3 T& X& c1 {0 I6 S) lBritish geopolitics, Sir Halford Mackinder, is today the foreign policy adviser to Presidential
: H4 ?" H1 D& { P* Ecandidate, Barack Obama. In 1997 he revealingly wrote:
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‘Eurasia is home to most of the world's politically assertive and dynamic states. All the
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historical pretenders to global power originated in Eurasia. The world's most populous
- A& v) ^4 I, \3 {3 Faspirants to regional hegemony, China and India, are in Eurasia, as are all the potential
! v2 |6 O" J* {* g2 j* d8 J0 q) Gpolitical or economic challengers to American primacy. After the United States, the next
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15 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, A Geostrategy for Eurasia, Foreign Affairs, 76:5, September/October 1997.
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six largest economies and military spenders are there, as are all but one of the world's
! p. a6 m" H2 ?2 Q# N4 b( Zovert nuclear powers, and all but one of the covert ones. Eurasia accounts for 75 percent
# Y0 |2 i9 R n' Q5 A" i# oof the world's population; 60 percent of its GNP, and 75 percent of its energy resources.
1 z# [+ q) X3 s% E! `( c$ x' sCollectively, Eurasia's potential power overshadows even America's.
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‘Eurasia is the world's axial supercontinent. A power that dominated Eurasia would exercise
0 s5 R2 @ f+ cdecisive influence over two of the world's three most economically productive regions,
f$ ^$ [; }. mWestern Europe and East Asia. A glance at the map also suggests that a country
- Y. G1 q1 D2 L2 {4 udominant in Eurasia would almost automatically control the Middle East and Africa. With
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Eurasia now ser
